Last updated August 2019 | Words and photos by Vietnam Coracle
This post was last updated 3 years ago. Please check the comments section for possible updates, or read more on my Updates & Accuracy page.
INTRODUCTION | GUIDE | MAP | RELATED POSTS
In my opinion, the three northeastern provinces of Cao Bang, Lang Son and Bac Kan currently offer the best on-road motorbiking opportunities anywhere in Vietnam. Why? Because all three northeastern provinces are utterly beautiful – characterized by limestone karsts, unbroken forests, misty mountains, blue rivers, farms, craft villages – and are crisscrossed by a growing network of increasingly good-quality paved back-roads and national highways; tourists are few, traffic is generally very light (with the exception of container trucks plying between remote Chinese border crossings), people are friendly, food is rustic and hearty, opportunities for getting off the beaten path are many, and there’s a real sense of adventure. This guide focuses on five different routes and loops within the three northeastern provinces. Each loop can be ridden separately or stitched together to form a ‘Great Northeast Loop’. Base yourself in Cao Bang, Lang Son, Bac Kan or Ba Be Lake and spend at least a few days exploring these routes by motorbike. The northeast is a great alternative to, or extension of, the Ha Giang Loop, which is now so popular it’s lost some of its magic.
In my opinion, the northeast currently offers the best on-road motorbiking opportunities in Vietnam
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THE NORTHEAST: 5 ROUTES & LOOPS
In this guide, I’ve mapped, described and illustrated five motorbike loops in the northeastern provinces of Cao Bang, Lang Son and Bac Kan. On the main map, I’ve plotted all five routes in different colours. However, each of the five routes also has its own separate map, which has much more detail, including road conditions, places to stay, see, eat, and drink. Any of these five routes can be mixed and matched and stitched together as and how you like, in order to create longer or shorter loops. All the northeast loops are highly scenic and great fun to ride: I’d recommend spending at least a few days riding them. Weather is best from March to October; it can get cold from November to February. There’s plenty of accommodation in the main northeastern cities and several good homestay areas scattered around (see each separate route map for specific suggestions). For bike rental, QT Motorbikes has a shop in Cao Bang. *[See Related Posts for links to my other motorbike guides in the region]
Click on an item below for more details:
CONTENTS:
- ROUTE 1: Ban Gioc Waterfall Loop (165/190km)
- ROUTE 2: Ba Be Lake Loop (315km)
- ROUTE 3: Mau Son Mountain↔Bac Son Valley Loop (190km)
- ROUTE 4: Bac Kan Back Roads Criss–Cross Loop (455km)
- ROUTE 5: China Border Crawl Loop (285km)
MAP:
Northeast by Motorbike: 5 Routes & Loops
Route 1: 165/190km | Route 2: 315km | Route 3: 190km | Route 4: 455km | Route 5: 285km
View in a LARGER MAP
ROUTE 1: Ban Gioc Waterfall Loop
DETAILS:
- Route: Cao Bang→Ban Gioc Falls→Nguom Ngao Caves (optional return route)
- Distance: 165/190km
- Time: 1-2 days
- Scenery: limestone karsts, minority villages, majestic waterfalls, caves, remote borders
- Road Conditions: good surface, light traffic (some trucks), rough return route (optional)
ROUTE MAP: Ban Gioc Waterfall Loop (165/190km: blue/red route)
View in a LARGER MAP
DESCRIPTION: Spreading east of Cao Bang City towards the Chinese border and the spectacular Ban Gioc Waterfall, this loop is the most popular of all the northeast routes. Manageable as a (reasonably long) return day-trip from Cao Bang, the Ban Gioc Waterfall Loop is full of wonderful scenery and good riding roads. However, because of ongoing construction and damaged roads caused by juggernauts plying remote routes to isolated Chinese borders, the lower (southerly) half of the Ban Gioc Loop (the red line) is currently in pretty bad repair, and shouldn’t be attempted unless you have a suitable bike or enough riding experience to tackle some tricky off-road, muddy sections. But, this needn’t concern other riders without a suitable bike or off-road experience, because the ride out to Ban Gioc Falls on the on-road route (the blue line) is so good that you won’t mind retracing your tracks back the same way. Or, even better, break the journey by staying a night at one of the atmospheric homestay areas on the route, such as Dam Thuy or Phia Thap, before returning to Cao Bang the next day.
Heading east out of Cao Bang on road QL3, the route passes through lush valleys before ascending the formidable Ma Phuc Pass, which zig-zags up a to a junction where there are marvellous views down over the karst-studded valley. Onward to Quang Uyen, QL3 ploughs through picturesque farmland, where luminous rice paddies fill the flat spaces between limestone pinnacles. Several of the small hamlets specialize in crafts on one kind or another, most noticeably knives, which you’ll see displayed by the roadside. A homestay initiative here, at Phia Thap Village, is worth considering for a night with a local family in a wooden stilt home (try Mr Kim’s Homestay for hospitable hosts, wonderful food, and local knowledge). Quang Uyen, a decent sized town with food and refreshments and a few hotels, is the point at which the route veers north on road DT206, heralding the start of one of the most scenic and enjoyable rides anywhere in Vietnam. All the way between Quang Uyen and Ban Gioc Falls, via the dusty market town of Trung Khanh, the landscape is exceptionally beautiful. Characterized by jagged karst mountains – rising like Daliesque columns from rice paddies and corn fields – and jade-blue rivers flowing past bucolic scenes of wading buffalo, bamboo waterwheels, conical-hatted farmers, stone cottages and wooden cowsheds, the landscape around road DT206 is worthy of any great ink-and-wash Chinese landscape paintings. The road is smooth, easy to ride, and quiet. However, due to soaring trade with China, the peace can be spoiled somewhat by incongruous container trucks struggling up the hairpin bends and squeezing through the tight corners. (A new expressway is currently under construction to address this issue.) It’s also possible to cross the river to the north of DT206 and explore some dusty back-roads.
And then, of course, the star of the show: Ban Gioc Waterfall, one of Vietnam’s greatest natural wonders. It appears suddenly in the corner of your eye, then fills your entire vision. Crashing over multiple levels, filling a wide gap in the tropical foliage, the falls tumble down in white-crested layers, like an iced wedding cake. Framed by stands of giant bamboo and jungle-clad limestone karsts, Ban Gioc Waterfall is a genuinely breathtaking sight to behold. The falls lie right on the Chinese border, and there’s also an impressive cave system nearby, Nguom Ngao, with an illuminated trail through it. The Saigon-Ban Gioc Resort offers mid-range accommodation near the falls, and there’s excellent budget beds in the homestays at Dam Thuy Village (try May Linh and Minh Khanh homestays). Providing you have a suitable motorbike and riding experience, you can continue due south from Ban Gioc Falls on roads DT206/DT207 (the red line) along the Chinese border (at times, literally a stone’s throw away) towards Ha Lang (where there’s a guest house, if you should need it) and all the way back to Quang Uyen. This is the real boonies, and well worth the effort if you have the right wheels. If not, return to Cao Bang on the blue route, which, let’s face it, merits a second ride anyway. *[For much more about the waterfall see my Guide to Ban Gioc Falls].
IMAGES: Ban Gioc Waterfall Loop
The scenery on the Ban Gioc Loop is excellent: this is the Quay Son River through a limestone gorge
Around Ban Gioc Falls there are opportunities to get off the main route & explore some back roads
Looking down the valley from a hairpin bend on the Ma Phuc Pass, halfway between Cao Bang & Ban Gioc
Ban Gioc Waterfall, seen from above via a steep, treacherous path from the bottom of the falls
Situated right on the Chinese border, Ban Gioc Falls are a breathtaking sight, especially in the sunshine
Cao Bang City, a likable place on the banks of the Bang Giang River, is a perfect base to explore the northeast
Bamboo waterwheels grace the banks of the Quay Son River, just upstream from Ban Gioc Falls
On a good day, you could spend hours gazing & photographing Ban Gioc Falls from different perspectives
After the waterfall, Road DT206 follows the Chinese border, burrowing beneath a limestone karst
The alternative route (the red line) is scenic & off the beaten path, but road conditions can be rough
At times, the road on the red route deteriorates into a muddy track – difficult unless you have a suitable bike
Also close by Ban Gioc Falls, Nguom Ngao Cave is a haunting, mesmerizing sight
ROUTE 2: Ba Be Lake Loop
DETAILS:
- Route: Cao Bang→Ba Be Lake→Bac Kan on back roads & highways
- Distance: 315km
- Time: 2-3 days
- Scenery: jungles, lakes, mountains, river valleys, minority villages, homestays
- Road Conditions: paved highways & back roads, very mountainous, rough patches
ROUTE MAP: Ba Be Lake Loop (315km: blue route)
View in a LARGER MAP
DESCRIPTION: A big, green, mountainous and highly scenic route southwest of Cao Bang, the Ba Be Lake Loop combines snaking national highways with narrow back-roads to create a hugely rewarding ride through jungles, rivers, lakes, and highlands. At 315km, this is a long loop which requires at least one night and two days to complete. However, you can choose to shorten the loop by taking either of the shortcuts (the red lines), effectively cutting the loop in half, and thus making it manageable as a one-day return trip from Cao Bang. But, to really get the most out of this loop, you should spend at least one night at a homestay on the shores of Ba Be Lake, not to mention taking a boat out on the placid water, visiting the caves and sights, and trekking in the countryside. The loop is generally fairly easy to follow and navigate, and road conditions are mostly very good. Two significant exceptions to this are: Road 254 around the eastern and southern shores of Ba Be Lake, and patches of the road leading south from Ba Be Lake to Ban Lanh, both of which have badly potholed sections and suffer from mud after heavy rains.
There are several places to stay on the loop, including guest houses in Cho Ra village, and mini-hotels in Bac Kan, the largest town on the route (try Green Hotel, a reliable budget option). However, the homestays on Ba Be Lake are by far the most atmospheric, good value, and rewarding accommodation in the area. Mostly run by local ethnic minority families, these homestays are usually concrete-and-brick or wood-and-thatch structures on stilts by the water’s edge, with easy access to the lake for swimming, kayaking, boat trips, and hiking in the national park. Thus, these homestays are the main hub for activities and sightseeing on the Ba Be Lake Loop. Mr Linh’s and Hoa Son homestays are good options, but there are dozens of others. *[For more information see my Guide to Ba Be Lake Homestays].
The most scenic sections of the loop are, well, they’re all fantastically scenic: Road QL34 west of Cao Bang to Tinh Tuc mining town is a serpentine ribbon of asphalt burrowing deep into the northern mountains; Road DT212 soars over cold, windy passes beneath the slopes of one of the highest mountains in the region, Pia Oac, before plunging due south past a high-end tea plantation, Kolia, and abandoned, century-old, French colonial-era villas to Cho Ra; all the roads to, from, and around Ba Be Lake are dripping with tropical foliage, rivers oozing out of the jungles from the high peaks of limestone mountains, the entire area heavy with an earthy dampness and a strong, mysterious presence as the landscapes wax and wane behind curtains of mist and rain; and Road QL3 back to Cao Bang is a long and dizzying ride through sublime scenery on a smooth surfaced national highway – one of the best riding roads in Vietnam. The riding is good, the scenery stunning, tourists are few, traffic is light: go now and make the most of it.
IMAGES: Ba Be Lake Loop
The twisting roads on the Ba Be Lake Loop lead deep into the green mountains of Bac Kan Province
Despite the difficult terrain, road conditions are generally pretty good on the Ba Be Lake Loop
Ba Be Lake is perfect for swimming, relaxing, kayaking, boat rides, and homestays with local families
Overnighting at a homestay on the edge of Ba Be Lake is a highlight of the loop: there’re many to choose from
Ba Ba Lake is an exceptionally scenic area: explore it on two wheels, on foot, or by boat
Road 254 around the lake is rough is places & several narrow suspension bridges lead across the water
Food in Bac Kan Province is good, especially the meals served up at the Ba Be Lake homestays
If the weather is cloudy & rainy, simply spend the day on your balcony watching life unfold on the lake
The Ba Be Lake Loop is particularly lush: around August-September the colour of the ripe rice is fantastic
Take a longboat ride on Ba Be Lake to visit some of the more remote corners of the national park
Road QL3 between Bac Kan & Cao Bang is a long & windy stretch of tarmac through marvellous mountains
ROUTE 3: Mau Son Mountain↔Bac Son Valley Loop
DETAILS:
- Route: Lang Son→Mau Son Mountain→Dong Dang border→Bac Son Valley
- Distance: 190km
- Time: 1-2 days
- Scenery: misty mountains, limestone karsts, rivers, minority villages, homestays
- Road Conditions: good, paved surfaces, some rough patches, light traffic
ROUTE MAP: Mau Son Mountain↔Bac Son Valley Loop (190km: blue & red route)
View in a LARGER MAP
DESCRIPTION: Two scenic, mountainous loops connected by a smooth ride along a picturesque river valley, the Mau Son Mountain↔Bac Son Valley Loop is relatively short, fairly easy to navigate, and generally on good, well-made roads. However, there are a couple of rough road sections, which I’ve marked on my map with red lines or roadworks icons. Even these sections should be OK to ride in dry weather, but if wet they can become quite difficult. Start from Lang Son, a city that’s prospered on the back of increased trade with China. A small and friendly place with a pleasant buzz on its streets, Lang Son has lots of food, hotels, several sights and great markets selling all sorts of goods from across the border (see my map for suggestions of all the above).
Head east of the city on Road QL4B, leading through a pleasant valley, to the turnoff for DT237B, which climbs all the way to the summit of Mau Son. The road twists through jungle and pines high into the clouds, but is currently (2021) undergoing major renovations, so expect delays, dust and mud. At the top, a collection of restored and faux French colonial villas are all that’s left of an unlikely former hill station. It’s a bizarre and romantic sight. Several of the buildings offer accommodation, food, and drink, including the famous local liquor (ruọu), made special, supposedly, by the purity of the mountain spring water. If the weather is clear, the views are mind-blowing. But, Mau Son is almost permanently wrapped in cloud and mist, giving it an eerie, haunted, ethereal character. Either way, it’s well worth the journey. Just don’t come on a weekend or public holiday, when the crowds are insane; during the week, there’s hardly anyone here. The government intend to turn Mau Son into a tourist attraction on the grand, kitsch scale of Ba Na Hills, near Danang. So if that’s not your thing (it isn’t mine), visit now. From just below the summit it’s possible to loop back to Lang Son via a small paved mountain road heading north to Hai Yen, then connecting with Road DT235.
Pass back through Lang Son and start heading due west. There are two choices for this: take the smooth but busy Highway QL1A north towards Dong Dang then connect with QL1B heading due south and west; or take the more direct but potholed and muddy route on Road DT235C west of Lang Son before joining QL1B. Either way, it’s not long before you’re gliding through a pretty valley on QL1B, a fantastic riding road: smooth, clear, scenic and fast, brushing by a clear-flowing river, fragrant rice fields and limestone peaks. In season, the air here is scented with Star Anise, an aromatic spice that’s one of the ‘secret’ ingredients of phở. After Binh Gia village, the road climbs steadily, slicing through a cluster of forested limestone karsts, affording fabulous views down into the valley, where smoke rises from little hamlets of wood-and-tile houses. Bac Son lies at the bottom of the pass, a flat, rice-growing valley enclosed by a cradle of limestone karsts. The town itself is small and unassuming, but on its eastern periphery, where the rice fields are so brightly coloured it’s as if each blade has been charged with an electric current, there’s a homestay initiative, at Quynh Son hamlet. Staying in the wooden stilt houses here with a local ethnic minority family is a rewarding experience. Expect to pay around 200,000vnd for a night in a wooden house, including delicious home-cooked food.
However, before bedding down for the night in a homestay, ride the bucolic loop around Bac Son Valley, by combining roads QL1B with DT241 (note that the latter suffers from potholes). This 60km scenic ride wiggles between limestone pinnacles that break up oceans of rice paddy, bisected by a wide river. If you get hungry, look out for roadside vendors near Nga Hai selling tasty sides of crispy roast pork. Finally, save some energy for the steep climb through thick jungle to the Bac Son View Point, atop a limestone crag behind the town, for stunning views of the entire valley. After a night in a homestay, retrace your route back along the valley on QL1B to Lang Son to complete the double loop. However, it’s worth stopping in the intriguing border town of Dong Dang on the way for an hour, to soak up the strange atmosphere. Dong Dang train station is a fascinating building with an exhibition of Kim Jong-un’s visit in early 2019; Dong Dang Market has lots of Chinese goods; Dong Dang temple is a colourful, multi-storey pagoda; and the Friendship Border Gate is a busy trading post, choked with container trucks.
IMAGES: Mau Son Mountain↔Bac Son Valley Loop
Two connecting loops in Lang Son Province provide lush scenery, limestone karsts, misty mountains & homestays
Lang Son, a city thriving from cross-border trade with China, is a good place to base yourself for the loop
Road DT237B climbs steeply, clinging to the side of the valley, all the way up to Mau Son Peak
Mau Son, an abandoned former French colonial hill station, still has some crumbling villas in the mist
Bac Son valley is a stunning, almost martian, landscape dotted with limestone karsts
In Bac Son valley, the local homestays in Quynh Son village are a highlight of the loop
Brace yourself for a steep but short hike up to the Bac Son View Point, where there are stunning vistas
Hungry? Look out for delicious spit-roasted pork by the roadside – it’s a local speciality
The roads on the Mau Son Mountain↔Bac Son Valley Loop are mostly in pretty good condition
Take the time to stop by at Dong Dang, a border town with a fascinating train station
The landscape on the Mau Son Mountain↔Bac Son Valley Loop is often scented with star anise
ROUTE 4: Bac Kan Back Roads Criss–Cross Loop
DETAILS:
- Route: Cao Bang→Bac Kan→Lang Son via a criss-cross of rural back roads
- Distance: 455km
- Time: 2-3 days
- Scenery: deep forests, mountains, sparsely populated river valleys, minority villages
- Road Conditions: good surfaces, back roads & national highways, light traffic
ROUTE MAP: Bac Kan Back Roads Criss-Cross Loop (455km: blue route)
View in a LARGER MAP
DESCRIPTION: A long, densely forested and sparsely populated route through landscape, and on roads, that most travellers don’t see, the Bac Kan Back Roads Criss-Cross Loop connects the three main northeastern cities (Cao Bang, Lang Son, and Bac Kan) via a series of overlapping back roads, offering a chance to get way off the beaten path while sticking to good, sealed roads. With the exception of Road QL4A between Cao Bang and Lang Son, which forms the eastern flank of this route, the Bac Kan Criss-Cross Loop utilizes several excellent, seldom used back roads that have all recently been resurfaced, providing easy riding and plugging you into isolated areas of thick jungles, rivers, and seemingly endless mountains. Start/end in either Cao Bang or Lang Son (it doesn’t matter which) and take your time eating up the miles on the ‘criss-cross’ of back-roads, meandering through one of the least populated provinces in Vietnam, past countryside rich in revolutionary history. This is the heart of the Việt Bắc region, historically a revolutionary stronghold, not least in the mid-twentieth century, when Ho Chi Minh and his entourage avoided detection from French authorities by taking cover in the tangle of steep valleys and forests. The riding is fabulous, the traffic is light, the scenery pristine, and the distances long but easily manageable in a couple of days, with an overnight stop in Bac Kan (try Green Hotel for a reliable budget option) or one of the local guest houses (nhà nghỉ) in the small villages on the back roads.
To the east of this loop is a long stretch on Highway QL4A. An ambitious, wide, smooth road, facilitating trade with China, QL4A is fun to ride as it curls over passes, along steep valleys, and through pretty farmland punctuated by limestone karsts. However, it’s marred by container trucks plying between Chinese border posts; the juggernauts often stalling as they crawl painfully up the passes. Indeed, a new expressway is under construction to address this issue, but won’t be completed for some time. Nonetheless, it’s still a decent and fast ride, linking two of the northeast’s major cities: Cao Bang and Lang Son. Stop in at Dong Dang, the main Chinese border town, for a look at its market and impressive train station. This is where Kim Jong-un entered Vietnam for his summit with President Trump in February 2019. The station features an exhibition of photographs commemorating the event. There’s also an interesting temple, and it’s worth riding up to the border to have a look at the imposing gates and hundreds of waiting freight vehicles.
Almost exactly in the middle of QL4A, the town of That Khe is the turnoff point for the ‘criss-cross’ of back roads. You can ride the ‘criss-cross’ in any direction, it really doesn’t matter. This is the point where the roads melt into the jungle: a network of connecting back roads twisting and turning through an incredibly lush, fecund, fertile landscape of rivers, jungles, mountains and karsts. All the back roads are now paved, although their condition deteriorates at certain points and, because the terrain is so mountainous, the roads are liable to suffer from landslides after heavy rain. But, in good weather, all riders on all bikes should be able to relax and enjoy these highly scenic, rural back roads. Gas stations are few, but each village has at least one. The same goes for food and accommodation: one or two local guest houses (nhà nghỉ) can be found in the villages marked with a red pin on my map, but it’s best to save your overnight stop for Bac Kan, where there are plenty of small hotels, including Green Hotel & Coffee. Settle into the ride and become pleasantly disorientated in the tropical foliage of Bac Kan Province.
IMAGES: Bac Kan Back Roads Criss-Cross Loop
Bac Kan is one of the least populated & least visited provinces in Vietnam, yet it is green, forested & beautiful
A series of good quality, narrow, paved back roads criss-cross through Bac Kan’s countryside
A buffalo bathes in a mountain stream: Bac Kan is riddled with rivers & valleys
Most of Bac Kan Province is densely forested: often, the narrow roads are the only sign of human activity
Although sparsely populated, most of the villages serve refreshments at mealtimes
Exploring Bac Kan Province on back roads takes you way off the beaten path, but still on good quality roads
Most of Bac Kan’s back roads are single-lane, meandering across the lush countryside
Traffic is very light, giving you plenty of opportunities to pull over, stop & admire the wide views
A daily train runs between Lang Son station & Hanoi, allowing you to take your motorbike on board
Stop by Dong Dang, on the Chinese border, to soak up the strange atmosphere of this old market town
ROUTE 5: China Border Crawl Loop
DETAILS:
- Route: Cao Bang→Bao Lac→Pac Bo Cave→Ma Phuc Pass via border back roads
- Distance: 285km
- Time: 2-3 days
- Scenery: mountains, incredible passes, remote borders, rivers, villages, historic sites
- Road Conditions: decent back roads, bad patches, susceptible to landslides, light traffic
ROUTE MAP: China Border Crawl Loop (285km: blue route)
View in a LARGER MAP
DESCRIPTION: The most northerly of the five northeast routes, the China Border Crawl Loop is a mountainous circuit from Cao Bang, utilizing remote and extraordinarily steep and twisted roads, often clinging to an isolated section of the Chinese border. Although the China Border Crawl Loop is long and winding, it is possible to ride the entire loop in a long day on the road, providing you leave early and have good weather. However, it’s more enjoyable to take your time, breaking the journey at one of the mini-hotels in Bao Lac for a night. Alternatively, you can cut the loop in half by taking either of the two shortcuts (the red lines) back to Cao Bang. The scenery is fantastic, the roads are astonishing, and the sense of adventure is real and raw.
Heading west from Cao Bang, Road QL34 is a wonderfully knotted ribbon of tarmac, corkscrewing up green mountains of terraced rice fields, soaring over cold, high passes, and plummeting into tight valleys all the way to Bao Lac. A small town at the confluence of several rivers, Bao Lac is a good place to grab refreshments or a bed for a night (I’ve marked several hotels on my map), before riding due east on what is one of the most astonishing roads in the country. Following the Gam River east of Bao Lac, this as yet unnamed road is currently the talk of many riders in Vietnam. Hugging the Chinese border for much of its length, the road passes through some extremely remote landscapes. As if the fabulous scenery weren’t enough, the road itself is quite a sight. The narrow asphalt lane is full of contortions and knots; constantly switching back on itself as it negotiates the difficult terrain. To look at it on the map it’s as if the road were alive: an agitated dragon, shifting violently from left to right, trying to shrug an assailant off its back. One pass, in particular, is breathtaking: Ascending what is essentially a vertical wall of rock, the road passes 14 (by my count) consecutive switchbacks. I’ve taken to calling this the ‘Dragon’s Stairway’ or ‘Roller Coaster Pass’ (I’ve never been able to decide between the two). However, Google Maps has recently named it đèo Mẻ Pia.
At times gravelly and potholed, this border road runs all the way east through Can Yen village until it hits the Ho Chi Minh Road (DT208), just south of Pac Bo Cave. Definitely worth the short detour, Pac Bo is a significant historical site in a highly scenic location. This is where Uncle Ho re-entered Vietnam in 1941, after 30 years of absence, to begin his struggle for an independent nation. (See my Guide to Pac Bo Cave for details.) To continue on the loop, turn east on DT210, a seldom used back road climbing sharply up limestone cliffs and shadowing the Chinese border to Tra Linh. Cutting a huge white gash in the landscape, the narrow road twists through a forest of chalky limestone karsts, passing through remote villages that appear to be stuck in time. Homes are made of packed mud and straw with baked-tile roofs; oxen, buffalo, and horses transport crops, farm equipment, and people from field to village; stone walls divide fields of rice, corn, and soy beans; hay is stacked by children into 20-foot-high pylons, echoing the shape of the limestone hills; and a rocky creek ekes through the valley, providing animals and farmers with a bath after a hard day’s work on the land. At Tra Linh, turn due south onto Road DT205 (perhaps stopping at Thang Hen Lake on the way) and connect up with QL3 at the Ma Phuc Pass, heading all the way back to Cao Bang.
IMAGES: China Border Crawl Loop
Heading west of Cao Bang to Bao Lac, Road QL34 passes Tinh Tuc mining village & vast karst landscapes
Along the road to Bao Lac rice terraces are carved into steep hillsides above the gushing Gam River
Bao Lac sits at the confluence of several rivers, a pleasant location for a remote little town
Bao Lac market is a good place to fill up as there are few dining options on the rest of the loop
The Dragon’s Staircase is an extraordinary pass: this photo doesn’t do it justice – but, trust me, it’s spectacular
Make time to stop at Pac Bo Cave, an important historical site in a highly scenic location, abutting China
The northernmost extent of the Ho Chi Minh Road gives you the option of cutting this loop in half
East of Pac Bo Cave, Road DT210 climbs into the karst mountains, shadowing the Chinese border
Tra Linh is a remote outpost near a border crossing into China: it will probably grow in the coming years
Along Road QL3 back to Cao Bang City, there’s most gorgeous scenery on the home stretch
Disclosure: I never receive payment for anything I write: my content is always free and independent. I’ve written this guide because I want to: I like these routes and I want my readers to know about them. For more details, see my Disclosure & Disclaimer statements here
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Hi all,
Thanks for this amazing post!
I have one road to add I could not find.
We just drove DT226. For anyone who wants to drI’ve this road it has terrible road conditions. Starting from south the first part is the worst, expect average of 15km/h until the split. Then a great curvy part with good asphalt makes it amazing. Unfortunately it does not last long and the last 20km are not terrible but bad. The road took us roughly 3 hours in 60km.
That being sad, like most things in the north it is beautiful! Check the season rice fields were now barren in January.
Enjoy driving!
Hi Rogier,
Thanks for the information. Yes, road DT226 is part of Route 4: Bac Kan Criss-Cross Loop. DT226 runs south from That Khe to Binh Gia. There have been road works and bad patches on it for years, but the scenery is very beautiful.
I’m glad you enjoyed the ride.
Tom
Hi
Road DT237B going up to Mau Son is 98% done. Its a great beautiful road. You can mark it with bright blue.
Hi Zvika,
Thanks so much – that is excellent news and a great update!
Best,
Tom
Hi Tom, after reading your travel adventures for 3 years, i could not wait until the covid rules were relaxed, so now i have put together a mbike route that covers Ban Gioc, Thang Hen Lake, Pac Bo Cave, Bao Lac and Ba Be lake, startimg and ending in Cao Bang. I really appreciate the information that you have published, but i have one question. It has been 3 years or so since you mentioned the condition of the south red route from Ban Gioc back towarfs Cao Bang. I am wondering if the road has improved since you published your guide as we would not like to return on the same road we would take on reaching there. Thanks for any advice you can provide
Hi David,
Glad to hear you can finally make your trip to Vietnam. All Covid-related restrictions have pretty much disappeared here now, with the exception of masks in certain contexts.
I can’t guarantee the condition of the roads in that region as I haven’t been there recently. But try checking the comments section at the bottom of this guide – perhaps someone has mentioned it.
When you are on the road there, you will likely meet other bikers who will be able to give you real-time updates on the roads, as well as locals, of course.
Some things – including road conditions – will certainly have changed since I last updated the guide. So just bear that in mind as you go. But the good thing is, the landscape and roads in this region are so beautiful that, even if you do have to backtrack on the same road, it’s not such a bad thing.
I hope the road trip goes well,
Tom
UPDATE March 2021
Whole loop DT 206/207 is now perfectly paved, passable on any motorbike.
Thanks, Martin. That’s great news!
Tom
I have followed these guides twice now. Last year during a trip to Ha Giang and just recently completed 3 of the Cao Bang loops (Ba be, Ban Gioc, China Border). We visited Cao Bang in the middle of October and the weather was dry, a bit cool so a jacket, gloves and warm hat is advised. These guides are an excellent source of useful info. Really well put together Tom, great job. A few caveats I would like to add would be 1. the pacing. If you are a leisurely / inexperienced rider or you are riding on a Honda Wave / Future I would add 20-30% extra at least onto the suggested completion times.
2. If you are heading east from Bao Lac. The serpentine road (đèo Mẻ Pia) was ok in our opinion. The highlight for us was the scenery on the way down the mountains on the northerly road that comes after the road forks after đèo Mẻ Pia. There are lots of pine trees meshed into the surroundings and many layers of mountains in the background. For us it was possibly the most beautiful scenery on the entire Cao Bang trip. 3. If you wish to stay in an ethnic village, it is a memorable experience and I highly recommend it. One thing to note though is funerals and weddings go on for a few days there, daybreak to 10/11pm ;P
Hi Conor,
Thank you and thanks for sharing your experiences on these rides. I’m glad to hear you’ve enjoyed them. Certainly some of the most impressive scenery and roads in Vietnam are in these provinces.
Best,
Tom
Hi, I just rode the Ban Gioc and Ho Ba Be loops, got home last night. Here are some updates:
The northern Ban Gioc loop is paved the whole way and in great shape. I was the only visitor at the caves, and the only foreigner at the waterfall. I didn’t see another foreigner in 6 days of riding. The southern loop is paved from Cao Bang for the first 15km, then turns to construction. From the waterfall end the southern loop is dirt and potholes so I didn’t go that way. The homestays are in bad shape right now, no visitors for months, so they’re a bit dusty and deserted. I stayed in the town of Quang Uyen, about halfway between Cao Bang and Ban Gioc waterfall. Lovely food at the Sài Gòn Phờ Bún place on the road heading south. Run, or at least frequented by, the local spirit mediums.
Bac Kan/Cao Bang/Ho Ba Be loop. I rode up to Cao Bang the more direct southern route. Very beautiful and good roads the whole way. I headed back toward Hanoi on the northern side of the loop. Quang Uyen/Cao Bang to Ho Ba Be: Just as you leave Quang Uyen you encounter the knife maker village, worth a stop to buy some lethal looking kitchenware. The same stuff you see tucked into the waistbands of the old ladies walking down the road. Much more remote, smaller roads with only a few sections of rough paving and the most beautiful landscapes of the whole trip. There are some pull-offs with historical markers along the way. Good for having a discreet wee as well. Even with my she-wee, roadside stops are harder for females.
Ho Ba Be to Hanoi. Many landslides, one huge one that left me covered in mud by the time I made my way through it. The first two hours of riding were beautiful, small roads, ethnic villages. The last 3 hours into Hanoi is not great, but a small price to pay for what was otherwise a gorgeous trip.
Other notes: If you’re thinking about doing it, go for it. I’m female, older than most, travelling alone, and it was great. I do speak Vietnamese, which is really going to make your life better when you’re in the middle of nowhere. Though if you have Viettel your phone will work fine and you can always type things into google translate.
Thank you Tom! This is the first time I used your guide for a motorbike trip. Looking forward to doing more in the next few months.
Hi Max,
Thank you for sharing your experience of these routes and for the updates on road conditions.
It sounds like you had an enjoyable trip. It must be nice having it all practically to yourself at this time, although obviously it’s not great for those who rely on the tourist industry to make a living up there.
Sorry to hear about some muddy conditions, but the northeast always seems to throw at least one rough road in during a road trip.
I hope you have many more great rides.
Best,
Tom
Thank you so much, I will consider a bus but more likely I’ll go by motorbike now, when you encouraged me that wave can do it 😉
Have a nice evening!
Hello Tom, thank you so much for your blogs! They are so amazing and helpful!
I have an idea to travel from Hanoi to Cao Bang and later to Ban Gioc waterfall by semi-automatic honda wave. Is this good idea? 🙂
Thanks.
Hi Maria,
Yes, that’s a good idea. However, you don’t have to ride all the way from Hanoi to Cao Bang as that is a long ride and the first hour or two out of Hanoi is not particularly pleasant. Instead, you could take a bus from Hanoi to Cao Bang and then rent a bike there.
Tom
As of June 2020 there is about a 30 km section of QL3 under heavy road construction starting at the crisscross point around QL279 and ending around km 113, almost half way to Bắc Kạn. It’s very rough going and most of the road is completely torn up as they blast rock and carve out the hillsides. Definitely avoid this section and stick to the northern sections of the crisscross if possible. Given the severity of the construction it looks to be at least a year or two from completion.
Hi Ben,
Thanks for the useful update – it definitely sounds like a section of road to avoid for the time being.
Tom
Hi there! Have used your guides many times when I lived in Vietnam.
I’m coming back for a trip to settle some unfinished business, a drive through the North! Of course it is subjective, but I was wondering what your opinion is on the scenery on the Ha Giang loop vs around the Northeast?
From the pictures it seems like Ha Giang is on a grander scale, but i’m weighing that up against Ba Be, Ban Gioc and it being a bit quieter.
Hi Lucas,
Ha Giang probably has the more striking landscape of the two, but the main loop is very popular these days, whereas the northeast is still relatively quiet. The Northeast is very beautiful too, however, Ba Be Lake and Ban Gioc are the most popular attractions in that region.
I think, if you’ve never been to Ha Giang then you should go there now, because it’s only going to get busier and busier with each year. And, despite the rise in visitors, almost everyone enjoys the Ha Giang Loop.
I hope this helps,
Tom
Thanks!
Tom , your site is a true treasure of great info, thanks for all the work you’ve put in helping other travelers. Regarding the ride from Cao Bang to Ban Gioc falls, do you know anything about DT211 that roughly parallels DT206 to the north starting at Trung Khanh? Just wondering how the road conditions and sights compare to DT207. Thanks
Hi Greg,
Thanks for your message.
Yes, DT211 is good from Trung Khanh until it veers north to the Chinese border: after that you will need to continue due east on a largely dirt road to get over to Ban Gioc Falls. Doable in dry conditions or with a suitable bike. But otherwise it’s not worth, especially as DT206 from Trung Khanh to Ban Gioc is fully sealed and very pretty anyway.
If you do decide to take 211, please comment here with updates on conditions.
I hope this helps,
Tom
Hi Tom,
Thanks for this invaluable resource! I’m currently riding the border crawl from Ban Gioc west 2-up with my partner, and thought I’d give you a quick update on road conditions.
Took the DT211 from Trùng Khánh to Trà Linh earlier today, and some serious road renovations are underway. Certain sections look like they might be complete soon, and when they are, this will be an absolutely fantastic drive, but the road is very broken and slow for the most part just now. Difficult to say when it might be complete all the way through to Trà Linh, as I’ve no idea when they started. Maybe next year…
We then took the DT210 from Trà Linh through to Ban Giàng, which has deteriorated very badly over the past year, likely due to the volume of trucks hammering along it. What was a beautifully smooth surface last November, is now a very potholed, rutted mess with some long waits for road rollers and trucks at the numerous stretches of roadworks. I’d advise anyone considering riding this stretch at the moment to allow around 3 hours for this 45km stretch, or avoid it altogether until the road is renewed.
The mountainous section from Ban Giang over to Cân Yên is thankfully still in good shape, as I reckon this is the most spectacular part of the border crawl route!
I’ll take the DT204 south from Cân Yên south towards Thông Nông and then Nguyen Bình to join the QL34 tomorrow, and post if there are any issues.
On a separate Cao Bang note, the TL208 route from Dông Khê to Hoà Thuân has recently been fully renovated, and is so smooth you could eat your dinner off it! Really helps cut the time on the drive up to Ban Gioc from Lang Son, and negates the need for passing through Cao Bang town.
Cheers, Magnus
Hi Magnus,
Thank you very much for these updates – they’re really useful.
It’s exciting to hear that they’re working on 211 between Trung Khanh and Tra Linh – I hope that’ll be finished next year: I’d love to ride it.
That’s a shame about 210 – it’s such a lovely ride, but, as you say, trucks ruin the road surface quickly. Thanks for the heads up.
Good to hear about 208 – last time I rode that it was a mess (trucks the culprit, again). And, yes, 208 is an excellent cut through.
Thanks again, and I hope the next day or two on the Border Crawl go well.
Tom
Hi Tom! Brief update on road conditions from the past few days on the road:
Red loop: The way up to Mau Son was not perfect but in decent condition, though the fog was super intense.
Green loop: DT279 was a solid 5/5 up until a few km south of QL3, where it becomes first a potholed mess for a few miles and then disappears in the mud under roadworks. Lots of single-lane machine-blocked passes and waits. QL3 was fine.
Yellow loop: DT279 and DT258 were great. DT254 down the east side of the lake is narrow and horribly slippery at slow speeds on wet days, but too potholed to take it faster than that if it’s starting to get dark. It’s friendly during the day though.
DT231 is not in your loop but I took it anyway, after nightfall by mistake. It was (at least in the dark) a 15kph mess with a couple of mud slides thrown in.
All in all, great loops and a lot of fun!
Hi Lara,
Thanks for sharing your experience on these roads – it’s very helpful.
Great to hear you enjoyed these loops,
Tom
Hi Tom
Fantastic website my friend with some great info.
My brother and I will be in Vietnam to explore the North East in September and we plan to do as many of the 5 loops you list.
We like the idea of catching the train from Hanoi to Lao Cai and moving east from there but have no idea where to stay on route to Cao Bang where we plan to base our selves at least to begin with.
Any pointers on accommodation and routes.
Many thanks for your help in advance
Daz
Hi Daz,
If you want to take the train to Lao Cai and then move east towards Cao Bang please see the routes laid out in these guides: from west to east – Sapa to Ha Giang, Ha Giang Loop, Ha Giang to Ba Be to Cao Bang. All of which include accommodation options.
I hope this helps,
Tom
How long should it take from Ban Gioc to Ba Be Lake via QL34. Its 2 people on an XR150. We want to take our time and not rush it and have short breaks along the way.
Hi Steve,
Taking it at a fairly leisurely pace, with stops for food, breaks, photos etc it will take you the best part of a full day to ride between Ban Gioc Waterfall and Ba Be Lake via QL34.
Tom
Hi Tom,
I love this guide and how much care you’ve taken to allow people to take their own solo adventures. It’s the first of it’s kind that I’ve found for this specific part of Vietnam. Thank you!
I’m wondering which of these routes you’d recommend for someone traveling mid-February who has a healthy fear of heights (not so much heights as sheer ledges/drop offs) and a weak stomach on twisty roads. And if you’d recommend any specific guides/group tours of any of these routes, given that I’m not terribly comfortable on a motorcycle and will be traveling solo.
Thanks!
Hi Emily,
Well, most of the roads are quite twisty because it’s such mountainous terrain up there. But the Ban Gioc Waterfall Loop and the Back Kan Back-Roads Loop are less twisty and high than the others 🙂
I would recommend getting in touch with QT Motorbikes in Cao Bang city – they organize tours of the region, some which allow you to ride pillion with an experienced rider. You can mention Vietnam Coracle if you like, they know me.
I hope this helps,
Tom
Hey, your blog really helps me planing my roadtrip, but as long as I’m from a small village from Germany I’m not familiar with the urban traffic. My plan ist to get at night out of Hanoi, go to Thai Nguyen, then combine your ‘Northern Extreme’ and ‘East Loop’ and end in Lang Son. Is it possible and would you recommend to go from Lang Son to Halong? Cause a friend of mine told me that the direct way from Hanoi to Halong is in horrible traffic conditions, but I don’t want to miss Halong on my way. Thank you for your awesome work!
Hi Richard,
Yes, leaving at night is an OK option – I’ve written more about ways to avoid the traffic on this page.
Some of the so-called ‘limousine VIP’ buses that ply Hanoi to Ha Giang allow carriage of motorbike on board, so that’s another option.
From Lang Son, you can put your motorbike on the train back to Hanoi – see this page.
The ride from Lang Son to Halong City on Road 279 is pretty good. And the car ferry from Halong (Tuan Chau pier) to Cat Ba Island is one of the most scenic public ferries in Vietnam (see this page). Then riding around Cat Ba Island is fun, too (see this page).
The ride from Halong or Hai Phong back to Hanoi is horrible, but you can avoid it by taking your motorbike on the train: either from Hai Phong to Hanoi (see this page), or from Halong City to Hanoi (see this page).
I hope this helps,
Tom
Thanks again, we will try driving next morning early as u told. Nice to know, Cat Ba Island was our idea too. We are going to try to drive just straight South after Halong Bay. Do you think this is a good idea? Or will our way to South Vietnam lead us trough Hanoi anyway?
Hi Richard,
If you want to ride south after Halong Bay, you can take your bike on the ferry from Cat Ba Island over to Cat Hai Island (see this page), then ride towards Hai Phong and take roads towards Thai Binh, Nam Dinh and Ninh Binh. It’s still quite busy and industrial around there, but not as bad as riding back into Hanoi.
Tom
Tom, The NE Vietnam has always interested me and since i read your info re the 5 loops i have been checking for a cheap flight from Manila to Hanoi and finally i booked a promo yesterday. Been studying the 5 loops for a few weeks already and noted places of interest and places to sleep for the night. We will not be going until mid may and have 15 days in the country so i reckon about 12 day motorbike trip. Been to Hanoi and NW several times since 1993 and love the north. All i have to do now is to decide how i join the loops together and which areas to give a miss. What is definite would be 2 full days by the waterfall and 2 full days at Ba Be Lake. Only want to take it easy and ride about 100 kms a day . Will definitely join the 3 northern loops together but not sure if there is enough time to add Mau Son and Bac Kan too. The Bak Kan road, Dong Dang and Dragons staircase all look very attractive. Thanks for providing such detailed information.
Hi David,
Thanks for your comment. Great to hear you’re planning to ride the northeast in May – that should be a good time of year to ride there.
Yes, I think you’re right: it’s probably best to skip the Mau Son and Bac Kan loops, although it’s worth dropping down to Bac Son if you have the time. And the Dragon’s Staircase – indeed, all of the China Border Crawl Loop – shouldn’t be missed. So, yes, concentrate on the three most northerly routes and I’m sure you’ll enjoy yourself, weather permitting 🙂
Best,
Tom
Cheers Tom, i will send you a report after the trip
Hi Tom,
Many thanks again for your amazing website with all its useful info. You are one of the very few bloggers to put the effort into creating useful maps which makes all the difference to conceiving and executing a planned journey. Normally I have to wrestle with Google Maps and Maps.me for hours trying to work out where all the places are in relation to each other.
I have just completed a seven day circuit from Ha Giang. I think it is worth noting that at least at this time of year the roads were in reasonable to good condition –
1. Ha Giang to Du Gia via DT181. 181 had some broken and eroded tarmac but was basically fine if ridden with care.
2. Du Gia to Dong Van via Northern Flagpole. This was probably the worst day as the roads are busy with buses, trucks and cars. Having said that the first stretch to Yen Minh was one of the best of the ride.
3. Dong Van to Bao Lac. The The section of the QL34 between Na Phong and Bao Lac was the worst stretch of road on my whole journey (along with the stretch of the same road to the west of Na Phong) because there are extensive roadworks. Long stretches are graded dirt which is smooth but potentially slippery and short, awful stretches of course stones that are in the process of being steamrollered. These sections are a bit of a nightmare for bikes. Some guys on big enduro touring bikes told me that they were having real trouble with the heavy bikes digging into the loose stones. Lots of one way sections and all sort of random construction equipment to negotiate too.
4. Bao Lac to Cao Bang via the DT217 (China Border Crawl Loop). This day was by far the highlight of the loop for me. Stunning scenery that never lets up for the whole day. I have roadtripped on bikes, cycles, and cars in Australia, North and South America, Europe and Asia and this is my favourite stretch of road yet. Very few tourists and the least traffic of the loop a big bonus too. Some stretches of eroded tarmac but generally a surprisingly good road surface.
5. Cao Bang to Ban Gioc and back. Very good road although quite a lot of heavy trucks.
6. Cao Bang to Bao Lac via QL34. This was a great day too. The road is generally in superb condition and the scenery is fantastic.
7. Bao Lac to Ha Giang. Apart from the stretches around Bao Lac and Na Phong the QL34 is in good shape. The stretch from Ha Giang to the turn of to Du Gia is fine. They must have fixed it up.
All in all a great trip. I would highly recommend to anyone with the time to join the northeastern loop to the Ha Giang loop. The Ha Giang is fantastic but the northeast is just as good with far fewer other tourists. Cao Bang is also a livelier city than Ha Giang too.
Hi Jake,
I’m happy to hear you enjoyed your road trip.
Thank you for all the valuable updates on road conditions. It’s great to hear that the section of QL34 between Ha Giang and the Du Gia turn off is good now, but I guess the road works just carried further east to the section of QL34 around Bao Lac instead. I would imagine that it will all be complete by the end of 2020 – let’s hope so.
And I agree about the China Border Crawl route – superb scenery and riding.
Thanks again,
Tom
Hi Tom. On the Border Crawl loop is it possible at Hung Quoc to leave the 210 and take the 211 to Trung Khanh to join up with the Ban Gioc route? Have you taken that road? It would make a great link as long as it is not too rough or impassable. I am heading that way tomorrow from Bao Lac.
Hi Jake,
Yes, it’s possible to do that, but the road is in very bad condition, so I don’t advise it.
Tom
Many thanks for the timely reply. I’ll stick to the better roads.
Gday mate, I did your Ha Giang loop a few years ago and am going back for another 10 or so days to do the north east loop you’ve recommended. Could you recommend a ride with all these loops for the time ive got starting out in Hanoi?? your suggestions last trip were fantastic and much appreciated.
Hi Glenn,
With 10 days I would stick to the Ban Gioc Loop, Ba Be Loop and China Border Crawl Loop. Then, if you have time you can add the Bac Kan Criss-cross route to Lang Son and put your bike on the train back to Hanoi.
I hope this helps,
Tom
Thanks so much for getting back to me, Ill do exactly that. Like I said earlier, I followed your route last trip and had a bloody great holiday so will follow your advice again. Once again thank you very much.
Kind regards
Glenn
Have just completed Ha Giang to That Khe with help from your maps! Greatly appreciate the effort! Riding on to Lang Son tomorrow towards Ha Long Bay.. Have you explored much of the far north east towards the coast?
Hi Tony,
Glad you enjoyed it.
From Lang Son, either QL4B or QL279 are good down to the coast.
You can then take the excellent car ferry between Tuan Chau (Halong) and Cat Ba (more here). Or continue up to Van Don Island are explore Mong Cai too. I’ve only been a couple of times. I enjoyed it, but there’s also quite a lot of industry in that area.
Tom
hi Tom! just wanted to report that I’ve done the Ban Gioc Loop in full today on an automatic scooter. the red part is rough & slow, but doable that way when it’s dry. I’m not a super experienced biker, but did lots of weird scooter rides in SEA before. i think all these 125ccm can get far if you steer them well & don’t overload. i was actually expecting the red part to be in worse condition, but some sections you can even speed up. the worst that can happen is a flat tire, cause there’s plenty of sharp rocks as you go. but even then, there’s a village every 5-10 km and some light traffic exists, so getting it fixed shouldn’t be a problem. at the time of writing the worst mess was west of Ha Lang, where they’re building a proper road, so conditions should improve anyway. it’s a beautiful & remote corner of the province indeed! to conclude with a timeframe: I started in Cao Bang @8am, reached Ban Gioc waterfall @11am, visit the falls & had lunch, proceed @12:30pm, returned to Cao Bang @5:30pm, all slowly with some photo stops. thanks for a great guide!
Hi Chris,
Thanks for sharing your experience on these roads. This is a really great updates and it’s good to hear that the southern section of the Ban Gioc Loop is doable on a ‘normal’ bike, at least when conditions are dry.
Thanks,
Tom
we did the red route (DT206/207) a few months ago and it was a terrible road, mostly dirt. That said, there were some very scenic and remote parts. It’s a fun ride on an XR150 or similar.
I’m glad to hear it has improved a little.